A Code Example of Ruby Metaprogramming
I’ll let the code speak for itself:
class Animal
  def sound
    puts 'A non-descript sound is emitted from the animal'
  end
end
class Frog < Animal
  def sound
    puts 'Ribbit!'
  end
end
class Cat < Animal
  def sound
    puts 'Meow!'
  end
end
class Person
  attr_accessor :name
  def initialize(name)
    @injured = false
    @name = name
  end
  def injure!(by = nil)
    print "#{name}: Help I'm being attacked"
    print " by a #{by.class}" if by
    print '!'
    puts
    @injured = true
  end
  def injured?
    @injured
  end
end
module Aggression
  def self.apply_to_all_animals
    animal_classes = Module.constants.map { |x| 
      Module.const_get(x) }.select { |x| 
        x.respond_to?(:superclass) && x.superclass == Animal }
    animal_classes.each do |animal_class|
      animal_class.module_eval do
        include Aggression
      end
    end
  end
  def attack(person)
    sound
    puts "*Munch*"
    person.injure!(self)
    sound
    puts
  end
end
bonsai = Cat.new
brian = Frog.new
people = [Person.new('Ollie'), Person.new('manitoba98')]
begin
  bonsai.attack(people[0])
rescue => e
  puts 'Aww bonsai isn\'t capable of agressition. How cute'
end
begin
  brian.attack(people[0])
rescue => e
  puts 'Nor is brian awwww'
end
puts
# and then god said:
Aggression.apply_to_all_animals
bonsai.attack(people[0])
brian.attack(people[1])
Output:
Aww bonsai isn't capable of agressition. How cute
Nor is brian awwww
Meow!
*Munch*
Ollie: Help I'm being attacked by a Cat!
Meow!
Ribbit!
*Munch*
manitoba98: Help I'm being attacked by a Frog!
Ribbit!
Needless to say, I'm really enjoying Ruby.
  
    
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    ruby